The appointment of Gwede Mantashe to oversee South Africas energy and mining portfolio has proven to be one of the most consequential decisions in the ANCs recent history. With a commanding hand over the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE), Mantashes influence stretches from the crumbling remains of PetroSA to grandiose ambitions for state-controlled mineral and petroleum entities. His legacy, already cemented in policy missteps, deepens further with the introduction of the 2025 Mineral Resources Development Bill (MRDB).
State Control and Entrepreneurial Destruction
At the heart of Mantashes mining vision lies a fundamental misunderstanding of risk and entrepreneurship. Instead of embracing private sector investment and market-driven strategies, he imagines a world where the statefunded by taxpayersbears the costs and reaps the profits. The result is the transformation of resource-rich portfolios into politically inspired fiefdoms, where cadre deployment and ANC ideological goals override investor confidence.
The MRDB continues this trajectory. By removing ministerial discretion only to transfer control into yet more administrative mechanisms, the ANC erodes what little space is left for innovation and private capital. Risk-taking in mineral exploration, once the hallmark of successful mining economies, is now stifled under bureaucratic weight and political interference.
Petroleum Fantasies and the SANPC Model
The creation of the South African National Petroleum Company (SANPC) marks another worrying turn. Pasted together from PetroSAs remnants, SANPC appears destined to replicate the failures of the past. Promises of revived GTL operations, offshore exploration (such as the failed Shell Garden Route venture), and LNG imports from Mozambique have gone nowhere. Yet the Minister continues to promote the illusion of progress.
As with the mining industry, Mantashes petroleum agenda reflects his preference for centralised control, state dominance, and little technical or economic transparency. The same flawed logicwhere state control equals successthreatens to undermine the petroleum supply chain, driving away the very private sector partnerships needed to revive South Africas crumbling fuel infrastructure.
BEE, Bureaucracy and Mining Investment Paralysis
Mantashes application of Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policies has become a central obstacle to exploration and investment. By enforcing rigid empowerment quotas even at the geological study and feasibility stageswhen no revenue existshe has rendered South Africa uncompetitive. After a fight with the Minerals Council, South Africa, he finally relaxed on BEE for prospecting and exploration, as if that helps. Investor flight is therefore no longer a theoretical concern but a documented reality.
Mining executives have decried the sluggishness of DMREs application processes, the inaccessibility of modern cadastral systems, and the endless BEE hoops required just to initiate activity. These complaints were echoed recently in parliamentary hearings, where Mantashes department was accused of having killed all mining investment.
Conflict with Industry Voices
Mantashes strained relationship with the Minerals Councilrepresenting over 90% of mining investmentis no secret. While Council leaders push for transparency, digital systems, and investor-friendly frameworks, Mantashe doubles down on Soviet-era command models.
The Councils warning that bureaucracy and hostility are deterring global mining firms has fallen on deaf ears. So, too, have calls to separate the mining and energy portfolios to allow focused leadership on each. The response from DMRE has been more centralisation and more ideological rhetoric.
Mining as a Diverse, High-Stakes Industry
What policymakers in the ANC appear not to grasp is the complexity of the mining value chain. It is not simply digging and shipping; it includes exploration, complex geotechnical surveying, deep capital investment, refining, processing, logistics, export management, and downstream trade. Global players enter this market because of scale and returnboth of which are now compromised in South Africa.
Moreover, the rise of critical mineralsplatinum group metals, rare earths, and green economy inputsmeans that South Africas mining potential could play a global strategic role. But instead of being nurtured, it is being strangled by ideology.
Conclusion A System in Decline
Gwede Mantashes track record reveals an entrenched belief in state control, a dismissiveness of investor concerns, and a preference for political patronage over economic reality. His stewardship of the DMRE is not only economically damaging but constitutionally dangerous.
South Africas mining and energy sectors are too important to be left to ideological experiments. The MRDB should not be viewed in isolation but as part of a larger campaign to centralise control and replace entrepreneurial drive with political decree. It is a strategy that has failed beforeand will fail againunless the business sector and Parliament push back firmly.
The time to act is now.
